Light Blue Polka Dot Cupcake Liners Baking Cups Standard Size 50 count

Light Blue Polka Dot Cupcake Liners Baking Cups Standard Size 50 count

• Greaseproof Paper
• Standard Size 2″ base
• 50 count per package (approximate)
• Sealed in original packaging

Decorate your party with these cute printed cupcake liners.

Price:

How LED Light Bulbs Are Made

How LED Light Bulbs Are Made

One-hundred-and-thirty years ago, Thomas Edison completed the first successful sustained test of the incandescent light bulb. With some incremental improvements along the way, Edison’s basic technology has lit the world ever since. This is about to change. We are on the cusp of a semiconductor-based lighting revolution that will ultimately replace Edison’s bulbs with a far more energy-efficient lighting solution. Solid state LED lighting will eventually replace almost all of the hundreds of billions of incandescent and fluorescent lights in use around the world today. In fact, as a step along this path, President Obama last June unveiled new, stricter lighting standards that will support the phasing out of incandescent bulbs (which already are banned in parts of Europe).

To understand just how revolutionary LED light bulbs are as well as why they are still expensive, it is instructive to look at how they are manufactured and to compare this to the manufacture of incandescent light bulbs. This article explores how incandescent light bulbs are made and then contrasts that process with a description of the typical manufacturing process for LED light bulbs.

So, let’s begin by taking a look at how traditional incandescent light bulbs are manufactured. You will find that this is a classic example of an automated industrial process refined in over a century of experience.

While individual incandescent light bulb types differ in size and wattage, all of them have the three basic parts: the filament, the bulb, and the base. The filament is made of tungsten. While very fragile, tungsten filaments can withstand temperatures of 4,500 degrees Fahrenheit and above. The connecting or lead-in wires are typically made of nickel-iron wire. This wire is dipped into a borax solution to make the wire more adherent to glass. The bulb itself is made of glass and contains a mixture of gases, usually argon and nitrogen, which increase the life of the filament. Air is pumped out of the bulb and replaced with the gases. A standardized base holds the entire assembly in place. The base is known as the “Edison screw base.” Aluminum is used on the outside and glass used to insulate the inside of the base.

Originally produced by hand, light bulb manufacturing is now almost entirely automated. First, the filament is manufactured using a process known as drawing, in which tungsten is mixed with a binder material and pulled through a die (a shaped orifice) into a fine wire. Next, the wire is wound around a metal bar called a mandrel in order to mold it into its proper coiled shape, and then it is heated in a process known as annealing, softening the wire and makes its structure more uniform. The mandrel is then dissolved in acid.

Second, the coiled filament is attached to the lead-in wires. The lead-in wires have hooks at their ends which are either pressed over the end of the filament or, in larger bulbs, spot-welded.

Third, the glass bulbs or casings are produced using a ribbon machine. After heating in a furnace, a continuous ribbon of glass moves along a conveyor belt. Precisely aligned air nozzles blow the glass through holes in the conveyor belt into molds, creating the casings. A ribbon machine moving at top speed can produce more than 50,000 bulbs per hour. After the casings are blown, they are cooled and then cut off of the ribbon machine. Next, the inside of the bulb is coated with silica to remove the glare caused by a glowing, uncovered filament. The label and wattage are then stamped onto the outside top of each casing.

Fourth, the base of the bulb is also constructed using molds. It is made with indentations in the shape of a screw so that it can easily fit into the socket of a light fixture.

Fifth, once the filament, base, and bulb are made, they are fitted together by machines. First, the filament is mounted to the stem assembly, with its ends clamped to the two lead-in wires. Next, the air inside the bulb is evacuated, and the casing is filled with the argon and nitrogen mixture.

Finally, the base and the bulb are sealed. The base slides onto the end of the glass bulb such that no other material is needed to keep them together. Instead, their conforming shapes allow the two pieces to be held together snugly, with the lead-in wires touching the aluminum base to ensure proper electrical contact. After testing, bulbs are placed in their packages and shipped to consumers.

Light bulbs are tested for both lamp life and strength. In order to provide quick results, selected bulbs are screwed into life test racks and lit at levels far exceeding normal. This provides an accurate measure of how long the bulb will last under normal conditions. Testing is performed at all manufacturing plants as well as at some independent testing facilities. The average life of the typical household bulb is 750 to 1,000 hours, depending on wattage.

LED light bulbs are built around solid-state semiconductor devices, so the manufacturing process most closely resembles that used to make electronic products like PC mother boards.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a solid state electrical circuit that generates light by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor material. LED technology has been around since the late 1960s, but for the first 40 years LEDs were primarily used in electronics devices to replace miniature light bulbs. Within the last decade, advances in the technology finally boosted light output high enough for LEDs to begin to seriously compete with incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs. As with many technologies, as the cost of production falls each successive LED generation also improves in light quality, output per watt, and heat management.

The computer industry is well suited to manufacture LED lighting. The process isn’t a whole lot different than making a computer motherboard. The companies making the LEDs themselves are generally not in the lighting business, or it is a minor part of their business. They tend to be semiconductor houses that are happy cranking out their product, which is why prices on high-output LEDs has fallen so much in the last 15 years.

LED bulbs themselves are expensive in part because it takes a number of LEDs to get wide-area illumination instead of a narrow beam, and the assembly cost adds to the overall price. In addition, assemblies consisting of arrays of LEDs create more opportunities for product defects.

An LED light consists of four essential components: an LED circuit board, a heatsink, a power supply, and a shell. The lights start out as bare printed circuit boards (PCB) and high luminance LED elements arrive from separate factories which specialize in making those components. LED elements themselves create a bit of heat, so the PCB used in lighting fixtures is special. Instead of the standard non-conductive sandwich of epoxy and fiberglass, the circuit board is laid out on a thin sheet of aluminum which acts as a heatsink.

The aluminum PCB used in LED lighting is coated with a non-conducting material and conductive copper trace lines to form the circuit board. Solder paste is then applied in the right places and then Surface Mount Technology (SMT) machines place the tiny LED elements, driver ICs, and other components onto the board at ultra high speeds.

The round shape of a traditional light bulb means that most LED printed circuit boards are circular, so for ease of handling several of the smaller circular PCBs are combined into one larger rectangular PCB that automated SMT machinery can handle. Think of it like a cupcake tray moving from one machine to the next along a conveyor belt, then at the end the individual cupcakes are snapped free from the tray.

Let’s take a look at the manufacturing steps for a typical LED light bulb meant to replace a standard incandescent bulb with an Edison Screw. You will see that it is a very different process from the highly automated processes used to manufacture our familiar incandescent bulbs. And, despite what you might imagine, people are still very much a necessary part of manufacturing process, and not just for testing and Quality Assurance either.

Once the larger sheets of LED circuit boards have passed through a solder reflow oven (a hot air furnace that melts the solder paste), they are broken up into the individual small circuit boards and power wires manually soldered on.

The small power supply housed in the body of the light bulb goes through a similar process, or may be delivered complete from another factory. In either case, the manufacturing steps are the same; first the PCB passes through SMT lines, then it goes to a manual dual in-line package (DIP) assembly line where a long row of factory workers add one component at a time. DIP refers to the two parallel rows of leads projecting from the sides of the package. DIP components include all integrated chips and chip sockets.

While LED lights burn several times longer than incandescent or CFLs and require less than half the energy, they need some form of passive heatsink keep the high-power LEDs from overheating. The LED circuit board, which is made from 1.6-2mm thick aluminum, will conduct the heat from the dozen or so LED elements to the metal heatsink frame and thus keep temperatures in check. Aluminum-backed PCBs are sometimes called “metal core printed circuit boards,” and though made of a conductive material the white coating is electrically isolating. The aluminum PCB is screwed in place within the heatsink which forms the lower half of the LED light bulb.

After this, the power connector board is fixed in place with adhesive. The small power supply converts 120/240V AC mains power to a lower voltage (12V or 24V), it fits in the cavity behind the aluminum PCB.

Shell assembly consists of locking the

What is the best light, fluffy vanilla cupcake icing recipe?

Question by Evelyn: What is the best light, fluffy vanilla cupcake icing recipe?
I’m baking cupcakes for a child’s birthday party and I need a recipe for icing that I can pipe onto them. Something sort of like the type of frosting they use on the Tres Leches cake. Or any light fluffy icing that would work. Any suggestions?

Best answer:

Answer by K
Buttercream!

Ingredients:
* 1/2 cup solid vegetable shortening
* 1/2 cup (1 stick) butter or margarine softened
* 1 teaspoon clear vanilla extract
* 4 cups sifted confectioners’ sugar (approximately 1 lb.)
* 2 tablespoons milk
Makes: About 3 cups of icing.

In large bowl, cream shortening and butter with electric mixer. Add vanilla. Gradually add sugar, one cup at a time, beating well on medium speed. Scrape sides and bottom of bowl often. When all sugar has been mixed in, icing will appear dry. Add milk and beat at medium speed until light and fluffy. Keep bowl covered with a damp cloth until ready to use.

Add your own answer in the comments!

For a Lighter Vanilla Cake That Doesn’t Taste Light, Make This Lite Vanilla Cake

For a Lighter Vanilla Cake That Doesn’t Taste Light, Make This Lite Vanilla Cake

Love desserts but don’t want to consume so much fat and sugar? Then we have the recipe for you! This two layer Vanilla Cake is lightened but doesn’t lose any of the taste! No one will ever know you are serving a “lite” cake unless you tell them!  Replacing butter with sugar-free applesauce and whole eggs with egg whites makes the difference.  But the difference is taste is so small you won’t even notice.  This makes a great cake for birthdays and other special occasions.  Also great for cupcakes.

LITE VANILLA CAKE
1/4 cup unsweetened applesauce
1/4 cup shortening
1 1/2 cups sugar*
4 egg whites
1 1/2 tsp vanilla extract
2 1/4 cups cake flour, sifted
1 tsp baking powder
1/2 tsp baking soda
1/4 tsp salt
1 cup low-fat buttermilk
nonstick cooking spray

Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Spray two 9-inch round cake pans with nonstick cooking spray and sprinkle with flour; set aside.

In a large mixer bowl cream the shortening and sugar until crumbly, approximately 2 minutes. Add the egg whites, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Beat in the applesauce and the vanilla extract.

In a separate bowl, combine the cake flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Add flour mixture to the batter alternately with the buttermilk until well combined. Pour the batter evenly into the two prepared pans. Bake at 350 degrees for 20 to 25 minutes or until a wooden toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Remove from oven and cool in pans for 10 minutes before removing to wire racks to finish cooling completely.

FROSTING:

3 cups powdered sugar
1/4 cup butter or margarine, softened
1 tbsp light corn syrup
2 tsp vanilla extract
dash of salt
2 to 3 tbsp lowfat milk

Beat the powdered sugar, butter or margarine, corn syrup, vanilla and salt together adding enough milk to reach spreading consistency.

Place one layer on cake plate. Spread frosting over the top, add the second layer. Frost top and sides of cake.

*You can reduce the sugar further by using Splenda Sugar Blend.

Enjoy!

Enlightened Cakes: More Than 100 Decadently Light Layer Cakes, Bundt Cakes, Cupcakes, Cheesecakes, and More, All with Less Fat and Fewer Calories

Enlightened Cakes: More Than 100 Decadently Light Layer Cakes, Bundt Cakes, Cupcakes, Cheesecakes, and More, All with Less Fat and Fewer Calories

• ISBN13: 9781581826265
• Condition: New
• Notes: BUY WITH CONFIDENCE, Over one million books sold! 98% Positive feedback. Compare our books, prices and service to the competition. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed

Perfect cakes, lighter in fat and calories, yet full of flavor? You’re not dreaming; you’ve discovered Enlightened Cakes. Award-winning baker Camilla Saulsbury has crafted more than 100 unbeatable cakes that range from the old-fashioned to the sophisticated to the innovative. For example:

*Caramel Apple Bundt Cake
*Tangerine Chiffon Cake with Fresh Berries
*Plum Crumble Cake
*Sticky Toffee Pudding Cake
*Warm Pear & Walnut Cake
*Wildflower Honey Cheesecake
*Brown Sugar Pound Cake
*Bittersweet Chocolate Ganache Cake
*Citrus-Scented Olive Oil Cake
*Tennessee Jam Cake with Brown Sugar Fudge Frosting
*Guinness Gingerbread
*Dulce de Leche Layer Cake
*Mayan Chocolate Cupcakes
*Mocha Cupcakes with Epresso Meringue
*Fresh Ginger Cheesecake

And that’s but the tip of the fork…

All of the recipes are well-tested, include complete nutritional analyses, and follow enlightened eating guidelines, including no more than 10g of fat per serving and whole grain flour in many of the recipes.

To cake!

Rating: (out of 5 reviews)

List Price: $ 22.95

Price: {price-updating}

Can anyone share a yummy vanilla cupcake recipe with me? I’m looking for a light and moist recipe!?

Chocolate cupcake recipe that is LIGHT brown?

I need a cupcake that turns a lighter brown when baked vs. the traditional chocolate cupcake. Anyone have one or ideas?